Section 11 general principles of dimensioning on technical drawings. The person who will read drawings have to learn what they mean. Technical drawing lines are used for different purposes to provide specific information for designers, manufacturers, etc. Note that in the above figure, the projection lines are connected at the point of sight, and the projected 2d image is smaller than the actual size of the 3d object. Both drawing types are used in technical drawing for communication. Centerlines consist of alternating long and short evenly spaced. It shows and describes clearly and accurately the information required to build or manufacture a product.
Here you can download engineering drawing book by n. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Drawing just like photography is one of the basic forms of visual communication. Suppose an object is placed in front of a screen and light thrown on the object assuming the light rays to be parallel to each other and perpendicular to the. Technical drawings lines,geometric dimensioning and. National aeronautics and space administration goddard space flight center greenbelt, maryland 20771 1994. The book provides all aspects and detailed study of engineering drawing plane and solid geometry, a core subject for all branches of engineering study, presented in a lucid manner and easytofollow style. Engineering graphics projection of points and lines. Pdf geometric and engineering drawing by ken morling book. Explain the differences in the three types of axonometric projection. An orthographic projection drawing may consist of two or more. There are also plenty of exercises to practise these principles.
Choose the view that has the fewest number of hidden lines. A dimensioned drawing should provide all the information necessary for a finished product or part to be manufactured. Axonometric projection projection lines are perpendicular to projection plane. Known as hidden details are shown on the drawing as dotted lines. The textbook follows the firstangle method of orthographic projection, however, the thirdangle.
Orthographic projections is a technical drawing in which different views of an object are projected on different reference planes observing perpendicular to respective reference plane. Introduction welcome to the fundamentals of design drafting. A drawing that displays technical information to the reader through specific visuals, directions, notes, etc a good technical drawing should be informative, clear, neat, unambiguous and not cluttered. Key to successful drafting is to have a good technical knowledge of these various line characteristics to understand where and when to apply them in technical drawing. Technical drawings are based on the fundamental principles of projections. Mcq consists the all section of engineering drawing like dimensional analysis, isometric vies, standard drawing application, lettering standard etc. A projection is a drawing or representation of an entity on an imaginary plane or planes. Oblique projection drawing cylinders drawing cylinders in oblique projection is quite simple if the stages outlined below are followed. Tech 1styear subject engineering graphics or engineering. The name tsquare comes from the general shape of the instrument where the horizontal member of the t blade slides on the side of the drafting table. Orthographic projection drawing the following statements will help you understand orthographic projection drawings. Download this pdf document so that you can access it anytime and print any page that you may want to use the following pages contain information and exercises about orthogonal orthographic drawing term used in victoria term used in new zealand isometric drawing they can be used for. A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments or computer methods. In comparison with other ways of drawing cylinders for example, perspective and isometric using oblique projection is relatively easy.
A presentation by professor romel cipriani lines and their uses in orthographic projection object line. The technical drawing textbook is the name given to all drawing carried out with the aid of technical drawing instruments. Correct usage of this alphabet of lines is essential whether you use traditional drafting methods or cad. Grade 11 technical drawing textbook for ethiopian students. An engineering drawing is a drawing or a set of drawings that. A compressed handbook designed for the students of engineering disciplines for learning the basics of engineering drawing. Pdf engineering drawing for beginners researchgate. Orthographic projections indian institute of technology. Orthographic projection the lines connecting from the point of sight to the 3d object are called the projection lines or lines of sight. Technical drawing is a form of design communication based on line symbols recognized and understood worldwide. The term orthographic refers to the fact that all lines of projection are parallel to the viewers line of sight and perpendicular to the projection plane. Mech2400 5400 engineering drawings lecture introduction.
The engineering drawing common to all engineering trades as per nsqf 1st semester is the outcome of the collective efforts of experts from field institutes of dgt champion itis for each of the sectors, and. Download geometric and engineering drawing by ken morling the new edition of this successful text describes all the geometric instructions and engineering drawing information, likely to be needed by anyone preparing or interpreting drawings or designs. Engineering graphics projection of points, projection of lines slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Line types are also a language type to communicate between technical people. The content presented in the fundamentals of design drafting text is written to assist students in learning and developing a core knowledge of designdrafting and skillbuilding procedures. Type a to d continuous thick line a type is used for drawing visible outlines a1 and visible edges a2. Two projection lines indicate where the dimension starts and finishes. A 3d projection or graphical projection maps points in threedimensions onto a twodimensional plane. The elements of dimensioning include the projection line, dimension line, leader line, dimension line origin indication, its termination, notes, the dimension, etc. The primary problem faced in learning and teaching of engineering drawing is the limited availability of text.
Visible lines represent visible edges and boundaries. Axonometric drawing that show all three dimensions of an object in one view. Other parties may have an interest in design collaboration, procurement purchasing. Complex technical drawings were made in renaissance times, such as the drawings of leonardo da vinci. The fundamentals of design drafting a students guide. Engineering drawing mcq practice test set 01 objectivebooks.
The following statements will help you understand orthographic projection drawings. And different views are front view fv, top view tv and side view sv important terms of orthographic projections. Drawing, however you know is an essential discipline in certain professions as well. What are projection lines in technical drawing answers. In all fields of visual arts like design, architecture, media and fine arts there is this common assumption that before making. Pdf geometric and engineering drawing by ken morling. The various elements of dimensioning are shown in fig. Orthographic projection technique can produce either 1. Types of drawings technical drawing architectural design. Pdf technical drawing presentation and practice researchgate. It shows the correct shape and the exact dimensions necessary to manufacture the object. Drawing is used to record objects and actions of everyday life in an easily recognizable manner.
Nov 03, 2014 engineering graphics projection of points, projection of lines slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to create a technically correct orthographic projection using proper projection techniques. However, it is very important that the drawing produced to be accurate and clear. An engineering drawing is a technical not artistic drawing which clearly defines and communicates a design to other interested parties.
Definition a graphic using lines and symbols that follows specific conventions of scale and projection, typically used in. As graphics are usually displayed on twodimensional media such as paper and computer monitors, these projections are widely used, especially in engineering drawing, drafting, and computer graphics projections may be calculated mathematically or by various geometrical. About the book engineering drawing plane and solid geometry. Technical drawings provide clear and accurate information how an object is to be manufactured. Sketching and drawing i 33 rrespective of ones drawing aptitude, we all know it is an amusing and a rewarding activity. A tsquare is a technical drawing instrument primarily used for drawing horizontal lines on a drafting table, it is also used to guide the triangle that is used to draw vertical lines. Asbuilt drawings are based on design drawings used during construction, where measured drawings are usually made long after construction is completed and no design drawings exist types of drawings. Ten types of lines are used in general engineering drawing as per is. Engineering drawing course and one minute manager ebook pdf free download in minimizing discrepancies prevailing among the different. Download engineering drawing text book by nd bhatt pdf latest edition for b. The plane on which the projection of the object is taken is called plane of projection.
The engineering drawing common to all engineering trades is one of the book developed by the core. Out of which first four types of lines are continues lines of both thick and thin. In some cases the previous rules conflict, and when this is so, rule 1 has preference as the advantage gained by having the irregular face without distortion is. To make the drawings easier to understand, people use familiar symbols, perspectives, units of measurement, notation systems, visual. The line type is continuous and the line weight is thick 0. Orthographic projection of points, lines, planes and solids. Object or visible lines thick dark line use to show outline of object, visible edges and surfaces.
This book on theory and procedure along with related exercises contains. Engineering drawing standards manual mechanical engineering branch goddard space flight center greenbelt, maryland august 1994 n a t i o n a l i a e r o n a u t i c s a n d s p a c e a d m i n s t r a t i o u. Quadrants and projection of point learn easily youtube. The engineering drawing common to all engineering trades is one of the book developed by the core group members as per the nsqf syllabus. Choose the minimum number of views that can represent. Methods of drawing orthographic projections different reference planes are fv is a view projected on vp. This book is for beginners to introduce them with different elements of engineering drawing. Object lines are thick, solid lines that outline all surfaces visible to the eye hidden lines. Textbook of engineering drawing, second edition xfiles. Orthographic projection drawing a twodimensional graphic. Engineering drawing course and in minimizing discrepancies prevailing among.
Projection lines are used to establish relationships of part featurues between rotated veiws of the same drawing. More over, other subsidiary topics like sectioning, projection of points and lines. The results of this work are implemented in the contents and practices of the subjects of the technical drawing and a new subject was. May 17, 2017 visit my youtube channelin the search bar write manas patnaikand there you will find tons of stuff covering almost every aspect in engineering drawing. Technical drawing is concerned mainly with using lines, circles, arcs etc. An orthographic projection drawing may consist of two or more views. Visit my youtube channelin the search bar write manas patnaikand there you will find tons of stuff covering almost every aspect in engineering drawing. Orthographic projections is a technical drawing in which different. A draw a series of guide lines b set up the meter line c align the paper so that it will be positioned square to the parallel bar d sharpen the leads in the technical pens. Hidden or invisible lines, consist of short evenly spaced dashes, outline hidden or invisible surfaces. Hidden lines represent edges and boundaries that cannot be seen. The actual object that the drawing or projection represents.
It is a language of communication between architects and engineers, usually to convey information about the object. Engineering drawing text book by nd bhatt pdf latest edition. The imaginary lines drawn from the object to the plane are called projectors or projection lines. An engineering drawing, a type of technical drawing, is used to fully and clearly. Multiview drawing that each view show an object in two dimensions. As graphics are usually displayed on twodimensional media such as paper and computer monitors, these projections are widely used, especially in engineering drawing, drafting, and computer graphics. Make cavalier, normal, and cabinet oblique drawings. An orthographic projection drawing is an important part of the engineering process. Orthographic projection is a parallel projection jections. The book covers the syllabi in engineering drawing as a core subject for degree examinations of all the indian universities, diploma examinations conducted by various boards of technical education, certificate courses, i. Technical drawing, drafting or drawing, is the act and discipline of composing drawings that visually communicate how something functions or is constructed technical drawing is essential for communicating ideas in industry and engineering. Mcq on engineering drawinggraphics royal mechanical.
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